# EIP-4844: Shard Blob Transactions Content type: Research Paper Summary: EIP-4844, also known as Proto-Danksharding, is a significant Ethereum Improvement Proposal that aims to drastically reduce transaction fees for layer-2 scaling solutions by introducing a new transaction type: 'blob transactions'. This proposal is a crucial step towards full sharding on Ethereum. Instead of bundling data directly into standard transaction calldata, blob transactions will carry their data in separate 'blobs' which are temporarily stored and are not subject to the same computationa Key concepts: Vitalik Buterin, Dankrad Feist, Diederik Loerakker, George Kadianakis, Matt Garnett, Mamy Ratsimbazafy, Proto Podtolski, Ansgar Dietrichs, Barnabé Monnot, ethereum, eip, scalability, rollup, sharding, data availability
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EIP-4844: Shard Blob Transactions

Vitalik Buterin, Dankrad Feist, Diederik Loerakker, George Kadianakis, Matt Garnett, Mamy Ratsimbazafy, Proto Podtolski, Ansgar Dietrichs, Barnabé Monnot

Ethereum Improvement ProposalsJanuary 2022

Abstract

EIP-4844, also known as Proto-Danksharding, is a significant Ethereum Improvement Proposal that aims to drastically reduce transaction fees for layer-2 scaling solutions by introducing a new transaction type: 'blob transactions'. This proposal is a crucial step towards full sharding on Ethereum. Instead of bundling data directly into standard transaction calldata, blob transactions will carry their data in separate 'blobs' which are temporarily stored and are not subject to the same computational burden as regular calldata. This separation allows for a more efficient and cheaper way to post data to the main chain, a fundamental requirement for rollups. EIP-4844 implements a new fee market for these blobs and introduces cryptographic techniques, such as KZG commitments, to ensure data availability and verifiability without requiring nodes to store all blob data indefinitely. The primary goal is to make rollups significantly more cost-effective, thereby increasing Ethereum's overall transaction throughput and accessibility.

Key Findings

  • 1EIP-4844 introduces 'blob transactions' to Ethereum, separating data storage from computational execution for enhanced scalability.
  • 2This proposal significantly reduces the cost of posting data to the main chain, directly benefiting Layer-2 rollups.
  • 3It paves the way for full sharding by introducing a new fee market and data availability mechanisms like KZG commitments.
  • 4The core objective is to increase Ethereum's transaction throughput and reduce gas fees for end-users interacting with rollups.

Topics

ethereumeipscalabilityrollupshardingdata availabilitylayer 2
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Citation

Vitalik Buterin, Dankrad Feist, Diederik Loerakker, George Kadianakis, Matt Garnett, Mamy Ratsimbazafy, Proto Podtolski, Ansgar Dietrichs, Barnabé Monnot (2022). EIP-4844: Shard Blob Transactions. Ethereum Improvement Proposals. https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4844

BibTeX

@misc{eip48442022,
  title = {EIP-4844: Shard Blob Transactions},
  author = {Vitalik Buterin and Dankrad Feist and Diederik Loerakker and George Kadianakis and Matt Garnett and Mamy Ratsimbazafy and Proto Podtolski and Ansgar Dietrichs and Barnabé Monnot},
  year = {2022},
  howpublished = {\url{https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4844}},
}

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