# Blockchain Architecture Content type: Topic Hub Related resources: - Appchain (Glossary Term): https://theblockchainlibrary.com/glossary/appchain - Application Layer (Glossary Term): https://theblockchainlibrary.com/glossary/application-layer - Consensus Layer (Glossary Term): https://theblockchainlibrary.com/glossary/consensus-layer - Data Availability Layer (Glossary Term): https://theblockchainlibrary.com/glossary/data-availability-layer - Execution Layer (Glossary Term): https://theblockchainlibrary.com/glossary/execution-layer
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Blockchain Architecture

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Key Glossary Terms

Essential vocabulary for this topic

Appchain

advanced

A blockchain or rollup designed primarily for one application, ecosystem, or specialized workload.

Application Layer

beginner

The user-facing layer where wallets, decentralized applications, protocols, and services interact with blockchain infrastructure.

Consensus Layer

intermediate

The blockchain component responsible for agreement on block ordering, validity, and finality among distributed participants.

Data Availability Layer

advanced

A specialized layer or network that stores and distributes data required for independent verification of blockchain execution.

Execution Layer

intermediate

The blockchain component that processes transactions, executes smart contracts, and computes changes to network state.

Modular Blockchain

advanced

A blockchain design that separates functions such as execution, settlement, consensus, and data availability across distinct layers.